Cell Types Cells are structural and functional units Small cells: bigger surface area per volume → allows exchange of more nutrients/waste Large cells: smaller surface area per volume → problems to transport waste out of cell More nutrients → more waste Table 1-10-1: Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Feature Prokaryotic (bacteria) Eukaryotic (plant/animal/fungi) Size Small cells - 5µm Large cells - 50µm Capsule (protection) Present Absent Cell wall Present (peptidoglycan) In fungi (chitin)In plants (cellulose)NOT in animals Plasma membrane Present Present Cytoplasm Chloroplast Absent Only in plant cells Lysosomes Absent Present Golgi Apparatus Absent Present Endoplasmic Reticulum Absent Present Mitochondria Absent Present Ribosomes Small ribosome, always free in the cytoplasm Larger ribosomes free in cytoplasm and attached to rough ER Nucleus Absent Present Nuclear envelope Absent Present Nucleoli Absent Present Chromosomes (DNA) Single and circular Many and linear Centriole (for mitosis) Absent Only in animal cells